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Double emulsion droplets

Double emulsion pack

The ideal setup to easily generate double emulsion droplets
All-in-one solution

All you need to immediately produce double emulsion droplets

Reproducible & easy generation

High monodispersity (CV~5%) and encapsulation efficiency (over 80%).

Perfect for many applications

Water-oil-water or oil-water-oil droplets.

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Start from scratch and quickly master all key parameters for double emulsion production.

Double emulsions (DE) can be water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) or oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) droplets. The immiscible liquids composition prevents contact with the outer environment, giving DE great protective capabilities for cargo [1]. Whether you are an expert or a beginner, we provide all you need to understand DE production.

Pressure-driven flow-control provides:

  • high monodispersity
  • high encapsulation efficiency
  • high precision
  • low reagent consumption
  • high reproducibility

This pack is composed of the premium Elveflow product line and our best-seller, the OB1 flow controller. Thanks to the high performance of this equipment set, you will be able to:

  • have ultra-precise pressure-driven flow control
  • have access to all the necessary elements to efficiently produce double emulsions
  • produce highly monodisperse DE droplets (CV~5%) with a high encapsulation efficiency (over 80%).

All the pack items are adjustable to your laboratory infrastructure and experimental requirements.

Build your pack in three quick and easy steps:

  1. Talk to our experts in encapsulation
  2. Tell them what you want to do
  3. Our experts will design a pack tailored to your needs   
Double emulsion
Schematic of the microfluidic setup for multivesicular vesicle production. The pressure driven flow controller pushes the inner solution (IA) to the first junction where it is enveloped by the oil phase (LO) and pinched by the outer phase (OA) on the next junction. The result is a double emulsion with a ultra thin oil layer.

 

W/O/W double emulsion

Below we demonstrate the reproducible production of stable double emulsions using droplet-based microfluidics technology and Elveflow instruments. We tested different bacthes of double emulsions produced with pressure-driven flow control for monodispersity, encapsulation efficiency, and stability over time.

The produced double emulsions were highly monodisperse (CV~5%) and presented an encapsulation efficiency of over 80% (Fig 1).

Double emulsion encapsulation efficiency

Figure 1: Encapsulation efficiency. a) Double emulsions with the intermediate phase stained with DiI, lipid-specific fluorescent dye (red), b) and encapsulated calcein (green). c) Double emulsions encapsulating liposomes (POPC, 100 nm) stained with DiI.

 

The stability assays demonstrate that about 50% of the DE remains stable after 5 days at room temperature (Fig 2).

Double emulsion results

Figure 2: Stability at room temperature (RT). Percentage of remaining DEs and Size STDEV through time at RT. Double emulsions remain stable at RT for at least 72 hours, with over 50% of them still present after 5 days. Orange line, DEs radius in µm. 

The double emulsions produced by our system are highly monodisperse with a high encapsulation efficiency and remain stable after several days at physiological temperature.

References:

  1. B. F. B. Silva, C. Rodríguez-Abreu, and N. Vilanova, ‘Recent advances in multiple emulsions and their application as templates’, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 25, pp. 98–108, Oct. 2016.
  2. S. Ding, C. A. Serra, T. F. Vandamme, W. Yu, and N. Anton, ‘Double emulsions prepared by two–step emulsification: History, state-of-the-art and perspective’, J. Control. Release, vol. 295, pp. 31–49, Feb. 2019.
  3. J. Petit, I. Polenz, J. C. Baret, S. Herminghaus, and O. Bäumchen, ‘Vesicles-on-a-chip: A universal microfluidic platform for the assembly of liposomes and polymersomes’, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1–6, Jun. 2016.

Double emulsions are versatile structures that can be used in several industries:

  • Pharmaceutics: given the amphipathic and protective nature of double emulsions, they have great potential as drug delivery systems. Also, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be co-encapsulated simultaneously in the inner (aqueous) and intermediate (oil) phases, allowing for seemingly incompatible drug combinations.
  • Food: due to their protective and co-localization capabilities, double emulsions can be loaded with unstable and sensitive compounds that are otherwise easily degraded, such as phytochemicals.
  • Cosmetics: double emulsions can be used as templates for microparticles

W/O/W double emulsion microfluidic setup

Double emulsion microfluidic setup

Hardware

  • OB1 flow controller with, at least, 3 channels (1 x 0/2000 mbar & 2 x -1000/+1000 mbar)
  • Kit starter pack Luer Lock + 1/32”OD tubing with sleeves
  • 1 x 50 mL Falcon reservoir with 4 ports for surface coating
  • 2 x 15 mL Falcon reservoirs for surface coating
  • 3 x 1.5 mL Eppendorfs reservoirs for double emulsion generation
  • Homemade PDMS Microfluidic chip [3]
  • Microscope for observation
  • Vacuum pump
  • High-speed camera for imaging

Chemicals

  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 87-90% hydrolyzed, average mol wt 31,000-50,000 (Sigma Aldrich) for the hydrophilic treatment
  • 1-octanol, anhydrous, ≥99% (Sigma Aldrich) as the intermediate/oil phase
  • 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, chloroform (DOPC) (Sigma Aldrich) as intermediate phase surfactant
  • Poloxamer 188 (P188) 10% (wt/vol) solution (Sigma Aldrich) as outer phase surfactant
  • Glycerol (Carlo Erba, Dutscher) for increased viscosity and stability
  • Ethanol absolute (Carlo Erba, Dutscher) for the lipid stock solution

Design of the chip

The homemade PDMS chip used for this protocol is based on the published design of Petit et al, 2016 [3].
This design has a double junction, allowing for increased control of formation of each droplet (W/O and then W/O/W, for example).

Overview of the Petit et al. microfluidic chip design for double emulsion

Figure 3: (a) Overview of the Petit et al.,2016  microfluidic chip design, representing the three different inlets and one outlet. (b) Specifications of the chip, (c) Picture of the double junction during double emulsion generation [3].

Surface coating for double emulsion production

A major part of a successful double emulsion production relies on surface interactions. Thus, the surface treatment is a key part of the process. To form W/O/W double emulsions, the chip needs to be hydrophobic in the first junction and hydrophilic in the second.

Double emulsion surface coating

Figure 4: (a) Schematics of the regions with different surface interaction needs, hydrophobic on the left side and hydrophilic on the right side. (b) Representative image of a chip during surface coating treatment.

PDMS already presents hydrophobic properties, so PVA is used to turn the post-junction channel hydrophilic. In order to avoid getting PVA into the channels that should remain hydrophobic, positive air pressure is applied in the inner and intermediate channels, while vacuum is applied at the outlet, as shown in the schematics below.

Microfluidic setup used for double emulsion surface coating

Figure 5: Schematic of the microfluidic setup used for surface coating.

TIP: For optimal surface treatment with PVA, bind the PDMS chips to PDMS-covered glass slides, so the channel walls are all made from the same material.

TIP: For better results, wait overnight after plasma binding to do the surface coating. That will ensure that the PDMS is hydrophobic again and avoid attracting the PVA to the wrong channels, thus improving fluid control.

 

References:

  1. B. F. B. Silva, C. Rodríguez-Abreu, and N. Vilanova, ‘Recent advances in multiple emulsions and their application as templates’, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 25, pp. 98–108, Oct. 2016.
  2. S. Ding, C. A. Serra, T. F. Vandamme, W. Yu, and N. Anton, ‘Double emulsions prepared by two–step emulsification: History, state-of-the-art and perspective’, J. Control. Release, vol. 295, pp. 31–49, Feb. 2019.
  3. J. Petit, I. Polenz, J. C. Baret, S. Herminghaus, and O. Bäumchen, ‘Vesicles-on-a-chip: A universal microfluidic platform for the assembly of liposomes and polymersomes’, Eur. Phys. J. E, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1–6, Jun. 2016.

Droplet-based microfluidics

Droplet-based webinars

Droplet-based applications

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Testimonials

Do you know how to implement droplet-based microfluidics?

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Are you aware of how to compute shear stress and microfluidic resistance in your system?

Elveflow developped a microfluidic calculator that allows you to estimate all the key parameters at stake in your microfluidic system. Find out more below !

To help you determine your flow rate, pressure to apply, the best tubing resistance length for your setup, wall shear stress for biology applications, cell culture, and many more…

Elveflow provides its microfluidic calculator and…to make the most of our microfluidic calculator, find below a set of dedicated application notes:

More details about the droplet pack

A well-chosen microfluidic chip

The microfluidic chip is where the two immiscible phases (water and oil here) are precisely injected and mixed to generate monodisperse droplets (CV < 3%). The two microfluidic chips are made of Topas. Topas is a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) resin which is a chemical relative of polyethylene and other polyolefin plastics.

01 Chip 768x475 1
A reservoir holder with 2 push-in connectors

Are you working with small samples or are you looking into manufacturing 100x mLs of emulsion? Elveflow offers a comprehensive range of  reservoirs compatible with our OB1 Flow Controller, from 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes to 100mL bottles.

droplet generation monodispersed holder wall e
Enhanced flow resistor systems

Flow resistors consist in the assembly of PEEK capillaries with small internal diameters. Those resistors are used to increase the resistivity of the microfluidic system to improve the stability and control of the flow rate in the system.

02 Droplet pack Flow resistor 1536x949 1

A complete user guide

Simple and intuitive instructions are provided to quickly and easily make droplets and control droplet generation parameters. When starting out, the user can follow step by step the provided protocol to obtain droplets of the specific size. In a second stage, the user can rely on the numerous tips provided and explore the “going further” section to complete its training in droplet generation and microfluidic flow control.

Contact our experts to get yours!

Droplet Pack Mockup 2021 scaled
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